Surfactant theory

Surfactant theory explains how soap, detergents, and similar substances work to clean by reducing the surface tension of water. Surfactants are molecules with two parts: one that attracts water (hydrophilic) and one that repels water and attracts oils and dirt (hydrophobic). When added to water, surfactants form structures called micelles that trap dirt, grease, and oils inside. This process allows these particles to be rinsed away more easily. Essentially, surfactants make water wetter and more effective at removing unwanted substances from surfaces and fabrics.