surface topography

Surface topography refers to the detailed features and shapes of the Earth's surface, including hills, valleys, plains, and mountains. It encompasses both natural formations and human-made structures. Topography is measured in terms of elevation and terrain types, which can affect climate, weather patterns, and ecosystems. Understanding surface topography is crucial for various fields, including geography, urban planning, and environmental science, as it influences drainage, land use, and biodiversity. Tools like maps and satellite imagery help visualize these features, enabling better resource management and planning decisions.