Surface Curvature

Surface curvature refers to how a surface bends or curves in space. Imagine a flat sheet of paper versus a ball or a dome— the paper has no curvature, while the ball has positive curvature, making it curve outward. A saddle shape has negative curvature, curving inward in one direction and outward in another. Curvature helps describe the geometry of different shapes and is important in fields like architecture, physics, and engineering, as it affects how structures behave, how forces act on them, and how we view the world around us.