SUMOylation (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier)

SUMOylation is a biological process where small protein tags called SUMO molecules attach to other proteins inside cells. This modification can alter the target protein’s activity, stability, location, or interactions, helping regulate various cellular functions such as gene expression, DNA repair, and response to stress. Essentially, SUMOylation acts as a molecular switch, modifying proteins to ensure they perform their roles correctly and maintain normal cell health. This process is dynamic and reversible, allowing cells to adapt quickly to changing conditions.