submarine topography

Submarine topography refers to the underwater landscape of the ocean floor. It includes features like mountains, valleys, plateaus, and trenches, similar to landforms on the surface. The ocean floor is shaped by geological processes such as tectonic activity, volcanic eruptions, and erosion. Key features include the continental shelf (shallow areas near land), continental slope (steeper region leading to the abyssal plain), and deep ocean trenches (the deepest parts of the ocean). Understanding submarine topography is crucial for navigation, marine ecosystems, and resource exploration.