Subak

Subak is a traditional Balinese cooperative system that manages rice irrigation collectively. It involves farmers organizing themselves into groups to share water resources, coordinate planting and harvesting, and preserve the water landscape. Rooted in spiritual and cultural practices, Subak promotes sustainable water management, social harmony, and environmental balance. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage, it exemplifies community-based resource governance that sustains Bali's rice agriculture and cultural identity.