SU(3)

SU(3) is a mathematical framework used in particle physics to describe the symmetries of the strong nuclear force, which binds quarks together inside protons and neutrons. It stands for "Special Unitary Group of degree 3," meaning it involves complex matrices that preserve certain properties and have a specific size (3x3). These matrices represent transformations that change quark types (flavors) without altering physical laws, ensuring the mathematics matches observed particle behaviors. In essence, SU(3) provides a structured way to understand how quarks interact and combine within atomic nuclei.