stemma

A stemma is a visual representation, like a family tree, that shows the relationships between different versions of a text, manuscript, or artifact. It helps researchers trace how a particular work has changed over time, revealing its origins and development. By analyzing these connections, scholars can identify the most accurate or original version and understand how errors or changes occurred through copying or editing. Stemma not only aids in textual criticism but also enriches our understanding of history and culture as reflected in written works.