state machines

A state machine is a model that describes how a system can change from one condition, or "state," to another based on certain inputs or events. Imagine a traffic light: it has states (red, yellow, green) and changes based on a timer. Similarly, in computing or engineering, state machines help design systems by defining possible states and the rules for transitioning between them. This structured approach allows for predictable behavior in complex systems, making them easier to understand and manage, such as in video games, software applications, and automated processes.