Spence's theory of intelligence

Spence's theory of intelligence emphasizes that intelligence is shaped by the interaction between an individual's innate abilities and their environment, especially through social and cultural experiences. He believed that intelligence isn't just a fixed trait but develops as people engage with their surroundings, learn from social interactions, and adapt to different contexts. In other words, intelligence arises from both biological potential and the opportunities individuals have to learn and practice skills within their cultural and social settings.