Spacecraft propulsion systems

Spacecraft propulsion systems are mechanisms that move and steer spacecraft by expelling mass to generate thrust. Common types include chemical propulsion, which uses controlled explosions for high thrust, suitable for launch and major maneuvers; and electric propulsion, which ionizes and accelerates ions for efficient, long-duration travel within space. These systems allow spacecraft to change their speed and direction, enabling missions like orbit adjustments, deep-space exploration, and interplanetary travel. The choice of propulsion depends on mission goals, with trade-offs between thrust, efficiency, and fuel use.