Soil Formation (Pedogenesis)

Soil formation, or pedogenesis, is the process by which soils develop from the weathering of rocks and the accumulation of organic matter. It begins when rocks break down due to factors like water, wind, temperature changes, and biological activity. As rocks disintegrate, minerals mix with decayed plants and animals, creating a nutrient-rich layer. Over time, this mixture becomes a distinct soil profile with different layers, supporting plant growth. Soil formation is influenced by climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time, shaping the characteristics and fertility of the soil in a specific area.