Soil composition

Soil composition refers to the mixture of different materials that make up soil, primarily mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air. The mineral particles include sand, silt, and clay, which vary in size and influence soil's texture and drainage. Organic matter comes from decomposed plants and animals, enriching nutrients. Water fills the spaces between particles, supporting plant roots, while air also occupies these spaces, enabling root and microbial respiration. The balance of these components determines soil fertility, drainage, and its suitability for different plants. Understanding soil composition helps inform better land use and gardening practices.