Smoothing Spline

A smoothing spline is a mathematical tool used to find a smooth curve that best fits a set of data points. Instead of connecting points with straight lines, it creates a smooth, flexible line that captures the overall trend without overreacting to small fluctuations or noise. It balances fitting the data closely while maintaining smoothness by controlling the amount of wiggle in the curve. This makes smoothing splines useful for modeling complex data softly and reliably, providing insights into the underlying patterns without being misled by random variations.