Smoluchowski effect

The Smoluchowski effect describes how, on a metallic surface, electrons tend to smooth out irregularities, like small bumps or edges. This occurs because electrons move to equalize the electric charge, leading to a reduction of sharp features and resulting in a more even, flattened surface at the microscopic level. Consequently, areas with edges or roughness often have slightly lower electron density, creating electric fields that smooth the surface. This phenomenon influences the shape and behavior of metals at small scales, affecting properties like surface energy and how metals interact with their environment.