shoulder biomechanics

The shoulder is a highly mobile joint made up of bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments that work together to allow a wide range of movement. The main bones are the upper arm bone (humerus), shoulder blade (scapula), and collarbone (clavicle). The shoulder’s ball-and-socket design lets it rotate, lift, and reach in many directions. Muscles and tendons stabilize the joint while enabling movement. Proper biomechanics depend on balanced muscle function, joint stability, and coordinated movements, which prevent injury and allow activities ranging from lifting to throwing.