Senate and People of Rome (SPQR)

SPQR stands for "Senatus Populusque Romanus," meaning "The Senate and People of Rome." It was the official symbol representing the government of ancient Rome, highlighting the joint authority of the Senate (the political body of patricians and elected officials) and the plebeian citizens. The phrase signified that Rome's power derived from both its governing council and its people, emphasizing a republican form of governance where decision-making was a shared responsibility. SPQR appeared on banners, coins, and official documents, embodying the unity and legitimacy of Rome’s political structure.