semiconductor defects

Semiconductor defects are imperfections or irregularities in the material's crystal structure that can affect its electrical properties. These defects can be atoms missing (vacancies), extra atoms inserted (interstitials), or misplaced atoms (substitutions). Such irregularities can alter how well the material conducts electricity, impacting the performance of electronic devices like chips and solar cells. While some defects are intentional and helpful, most are undesirable and can cause issues like reduced efficiency, instability, or malfunction in electronic components. Understanding and controlling these defects is crucial for producing reliable and high-quality semiconductor devices.