semi-algebraic sets

Semi-algebraic sets are a type of mathematical structure that arises from inequalities and equations involving polynomials. In simple terms, they consist of points in space that satisfy certain algebraic conditions. For example, a semi-algebraic set can represent shapes like circles or regions defined by combining equations (like "y is greater than or equal to x squared"). They are important in fields like optimization, robotics, and computer-aided design because they help describe complex geometric shapes and constraints in a precise way.