Seed Physiology

Seed physiology refers to the biological processes that happen within a seed as it develops, remains dormant, or begins to grow. Inside a seed, there are stored nutrients and an embryonic plant. When conditions are right—adequate water, oxygen, and suitable temperature—the seed activates, breaking dormancy. The embryo then resumes growth, using stored nutrients to develop roots, stems, and leaves. This process ensures the seed can survive harsh conditions and then grow into a healthy plant when the environment is favorable. Seed physiology is essential for understanding plant development, agriculture, and conservation.