Secondary metabolite production

Secondary metabolites are compounds produced by plants, fungi, and bacteria that are not directly involved in their growth or reproduction. Instead, these chemicals help organisms defend against predators, attract pollinators, or survive environmental stresses. Unlike primary metabolites (such as sugars and proteins), secondary metabolites are often unique to particular species, including substances like alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. They are important for medical, agricultural, and industrial uses, serving as medicines, flavors, or natural pesticides. Their production is influenced by environmental conditions and evolutionary pressures, making them a diverse and valuable group of natural products.