Second-order Cybernetics

Second-Order Cybernetics focuses on understanding systems that observe and interact with themselves, emphasizing the role of the observer. Unlike first-order cybernetics, which studies how systems function objectively, second-order cybernetics acknowledges that the observer influences the system and vice versa. This perspective is crucial in fields like psychology, sociology, and ecology, where human perceptions and actions are integral to the system's behavior. Essentially, it explores the dynamic relationship between systems and their observers, highlighting how our understanding shapes the reality we experience.