Scottish War of Independence

The Scottish Wars of Independence (1296–1357) were a series of conflicts between Scotland and England, driven by Scotland’s desire for self-rule. Scottish leaders, notably William Wallace and Robert the Bruce, fought to resist English attempts to control Scottish affairs and to reclaim their independence. These battles included key victories like Bannockburn in 1314, which strengthened Scotland’s sovereignty. The wars resulted in Scotland maintaining or regaining independence, culminating in the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. They are significant for shaping Scottish national identity and establishing the kingdom’s autonomy during the medieval period.