Scattering Matrix

A scattering matrix, often abbreviated as S-matrix, is a mathematical tool used in physics to describe how particles, waves, or other entities interact with each other during collisions or scattering events. It represents the relationship between incoming and outgoing states of the system, detailing how the properties of these entities change after the interaction. Essentially, it allows scientists to predict the results of experiments involving particle collisions, helping them understand fundamental forces and behaviors in fields like quantum physics and particle physics.