Robert F. Williams

Robert F. Williams was an African American civil rights activist known for his advocacy of armed self-defense for Black communities during the 1960s. He believed in the right to protect oneself against racial violence and injustice, which set him apart from many nonviolent leaders of the time. Williams was also active in the NAACP and wrote "Negroes with Guns," a book detailing his experiences and philosophy. His work raised important discussions about the role of self-defense in the Civil Rights Movement and challenged prevailing notions of nonviolent protest. Williams later sought asylum in Cuba, where he continued his activism.