Republic of China (Taiwan)

The Republic of China (Taiwan) is a democratic island nation located off the southeastern coast of China. It was established in 1912 after the fall of the Qing Dynasty and originally governed mainland China. Following the Chinese Civil War, the government retreated to Taiwan in 1949, while the Chinese Communist Party took control of mainland China. Today, Taiwan functions as a separate, self-governing entity with its own government, economy, and military, but only a few countries officially recognize it as an independent state due to China's claim over the territory. Its status remains a complex and sensitive geopolitical issue.