Renaissance warfare

Renaissance warfare, spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, saw significant innovations. Armies shifted from medieval knights to professional armies with standardized weapons like muskets and cannons, making battles more reliant on firearm technology. Fortifications evolved into star-shaped designs to better withstand artillery fire. Tactics emphasized discipline, coordinated infantry, cavalry, and artillery, with larger, more organized armies. These changes reflected advances in technology and a move toward state-controlled armies, transforming warfare from chaotic medieval skirmishes to more strategic and systematized conflict.