refrigeration techniques

Refrigeration works by removing heat from a space or substance to lower its temperature. This is typically achieved using a cycle involving a refrigerant fluid, which absorbs heat as it evaporates and releases it as it condenses. A compressor pressurizes the refrigerant, raising its temperature, then a condenser cools it down so it can absorb more heat. An expansion valve reduces the refrigerant's pressure, allowing it to cool further before it absorbs heat again. This continuous process maintains a desired low temperature, preserving perishable items and providing controlled environments.