Quantum Mechanics: Theoretical Foundations

Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that explores the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. Unlike classical physics, where objects have definite properties, quantum mechanics reveals that particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously and do not have definite positions until measured. Key principles include wave-particle duality, which means particles can behave like both waves and particles, and entanglement, where particles become linked in ways that the state of one affects the other, regardless of distance. This framework underpins much of modern technology, including semiconductors and quantum computing.