Prokaryotic Genetics

Prokaryotic genetics involves the study of how genes are organized, inherited, and expressed in simple, single-celled organisms like bacteria. These organisms have a circular DNA molecule that floats freely in the cell without a nucleus. They can exchange genetic material through processes like conjugation, transformation, and transduction, allowing rapid adaptation. Their genes control essential functions such as growth and reproduction. Understanding prokaryotic genetics helps us learn how bacteria evolve, develop resistance to antibiotics, and can be used in biotechnology, such as producing medicines or cleaning environmental pollutants.