Primary adrenal insufficiency

Primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease, occurs when the adrenal glands—small organs located on top of the kidneys—fail to produce enough essential hormones like cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones help regulate energy, blood pressure, immune response, and salt balance. Without sufficient hormone levels, individuals may experience fatigue, weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure, and skin darkening. The condition often results from damage or destruction of the adrenal glands, which can be caused by autoimmune diseases, infections, or other factors. It requires ongoing management with hormone replacement therapy to restore hormone levels and maintain health.