porous media

Porous media are materials composed of solid structures with interconnected spaces or pores within them. These pores allow fluids like water, oil, or air to pass through, making the material permeable. Examples include soil, rocks, sponges, and concrete. The way fluids flow through porous media depends on the size, shape, and connectivity of the pores, as well as the properties of the fluid. Understanding porous media is essential in fields like hydrogeology, petroleum engineering, and environmental science, as it helps explain how substances move and are stored within natural and man-made materials.