Pope Paschal II

Pope Paschal II, who served from 1099 to 1118, was a significant religious leader during the Middle Ages. He is known for defending the authority of the papacy against secular rulers, notably in conflicts over church lands and privileges. Paschal II also worked to reform the church, enhance its independence, and navigate the complex political and religious landscape of his time. His tenure included efforts to strengthen church administration and resolve disputes between secular and religious powers, helping to shape the church’s authority during a period of considerable political and spiritual change.