Poland-Lithuania

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a large, influential state formed in 1569 through a political union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was a unique community characterized by a shared monarchy, elected kings, and a system of nobles with significant rights, promoting religious tolerance and cultural diversity. At its peak, it was one of Europe's largest and most populous countries, playing a major role in regional politics and trade. The Commonwealth gradually declined due to internal conflicts and external invasions, eventually partitioned by neighboring powers in the late 18th century, leading to Poland and Lithuania losing independence for over a century.