Plasmid

A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA found inside bacteria and some other microorganisms. Unlike the main DNA, plasmids are separate and can replicate independently. They often carry genes that provide benefits, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to produce specific proteins. Because they can be transferred between bacteria, plasmids play a key role in genetic exchange and adaptation. Scientists also use plasmids as tools in genetic engineering to introduce new genes into organisms, making them valuable in medicine, research, and biotechnology.