Plant–microbe interactions

Plant–microbe interactions involve beneficial or harmful relationships between plants and microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Beneficial microbes can help plants by fixing nutrients, boosting growth, or protecting against diseases. For example, certain fungi form partnerships with plant roots, improving water and nutrient absorption. Harmful microbes, such as pathogens, can cause diseases that weaken or kill plants. These interactions are complex and influence plant health, growth, and resilience. Understanding them helps us improve agriculture, restore ecosystems, and develop sustainable practices to support healthy plant development.