PIE morphology

PIE, or Proto-Indo-European, morphology refers to the way this ancient ancestor language built words using roots and affixes to convey meaning. It used a system of grammatical endings—called declensions and conjugations—that indicated things like case, number, tense, and mood. These endings attached to base words (roots) to form nouns, verbs, and adjectives with specific grammatical functions. For example, changing a suffix could shift a noun from singular to plural or a verb from present to past. This morphological system is the foundation for many modern Indo-European languages, which inherited and adapted these patterns over time.