Photosystems

Photosystems are specialized protein complexes in plant cells' chloroplasts that capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis. They consist of pigments like chlorophyll that absorb specific light wavelengths, and a series of proteins that transfer energized electrons. This process generates energy-rich molecules (ATP and NADPH) used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Essentially, photosystems are the core units that harness sunlight, enabling plants to turn light energy into the chemical energy they need to grow and thrive.