Philosophical schools of Kashmir

The philosophical schools of Kashmir are diverse traditions developed in Kashmir, focusing on understanding reality and consciousness. Key schools include *Kashmir Shaivism*, which emphasizes that ultimate reality is divine consciousness present within everything; *Padma School*, focusing on internal experience and perception, often linked with yogic practices; and *Lokayata* (materialism), which views matter as the fundamental reality. These schools explore ways to achieve spiritual liberation, knowledge, and harmony between inner consciousness and the external world, blending metaphysics, psychology, and spiritual practices to understand existence and the self.