philosophical pessimism

Philosophical pessimism is the view that life, in general, tends to involve suffering, disappointment, or inevitable hardships. It suggests that human existence may be fundamentally flawed or filled with difficulties that outweigh pleasures. Thinkers like Arthur Schopenhauer believed that desire and attachment cause suffering, and that happiness is limited or fleeting. This perspective doesn’t deny moments of joy but emphasizes a realistic or even skeptical view of life's overall quality, often highlighting life's struggles rather than its successes. In short, philosophical pessimism sees life as inherently challenging, with suffering underlying human experience.