Philip II (France)

Philip II of France, also known as Philip Augustus, reigned from 1180 to 1223. He was a significant medieval king who expanded French territory and strengthened the monarchy. Notably, he led the French effort in the Third Crusade and successfully reclaimed land from the English, including Normandy. Philip also established a more organized administration, promoting legal reforms and supporting trade. His reign marked the beginning of France's emergence as a more powerful centralized state, setting the stage for future developments in French history. Philip II's legacy includes the enhancement of royal authority and territorial expansion.