phase I, II, III, IV trials

Clinical trials are research studies to test new treatments or drugs. - **Phase I** trials focus on safety, testing the drug on a small group to determine safe dosages. - **Phase II** trials assess effectiveness and side effects in a larger group, usually those with the condition. - **Phase III** trials compare the new treatment to standard options in a large population to confirm effectiveness and monitor adverse reactions. - **Phase IV** trials occur after approval to gather more information about long-term effects and additional uses. Each phase is crucial for ensuring treatments are safe and effective for patients.