phase contrast imaging

Phase contrast imaging is a microscopy technique that enhances the visibility of transparent specimens, such as living cells, without staining them. It works by converting variations in the refractive index of the sample—how light bends as it passes through different materials—into differences in brightness. This allows scientists to observe fine details and structures that are otherwise difficult to see. Commonly used in biological research, phase contrast imaging lets researchers study live cells in their natural state, leading to better understanding of cellular functions and behaviors.