Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet was a German mathematician known for his significant contributions to number theory. He introduced the concept of Dirichlet characters and established Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions, which states that there are infinitely many prime numbers in any arithmetic sequence of the form \(a, a+d, a+2d,\) etc., where \(a\) and \(d\) are coprime. Dirichlet’s work laid foundational principles for modern number theory, influencing later developments in higher mathematics. His ideas helped shape our understanding of primes and their distribution across integers.