Penner diagrams

Penner diagrams are a type of graphical representation used primarily in the field of topology, particularly to visualize and study the relationships of polygons and their geometric properties. They consist of shapes, often polygons, where edges can be identified or pinned together to explore various configurations and spaces. These diagrams help mathematicians understand complex ideas such as surfaces and their structures, as well as contribute to more advanced topics like knot theory and algebraic geometry. Understanding Penner diagrams can offer valuable insights into how shapes can flexibly connect and interact in different dimensions.