PCR Test (Polymerase Chain Reaction Test)

A PCR test detects specific genetic material from a virus, such as COVID-19, by copying its DNA or RNA many times. The process involves extracting a sample (like nasal swab), then adding chemicals that target the virus’s genetic material. Using a machine, the sample is heated and cooled repeatedly, enabling the enzyme polymerase to replicate the virus’s genetic sequences exponentially. If the virus is present, this amplification makes it detectable, indicating infection. PCR tests are highly accurate and widely used for diagnosing infections because of their sensitivity and specificity.