Pauling's hybridization theory

Pauling's hybridization theory explains how atoms form chemical bonds by mixing different atomic orbitals—regions where electrons are likely to be found—into new, hybrid orbitals. This mixing allows atoms to adopt specific shapes and bond angles, resulting in stable molecules with defined geometries. For example, carbon can hybridize its orbitals to form shapes like tetrahedral or trigonal planar, explaining the structure of molecules like methane or ethene. This concept helps understand how atoms bond in three-dimensional space, providing a clear picture of molecular shapes and bonding behavior based on quantum mechanics and orbital interactions.