PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns)

PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) are specific molecules found on or produced by many microbes like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These molecules are recognized by our immune system as signals of potential danger since they are not usually present on our own cells. When immune cells detect PAMPs through specialized receptors, they activate defense responses to fight off the invading pathogens. This recognition helps the immune system quickly identify and respond to infections, serving as a first line of defense to keep us healthy.