p53 (TP53 gene)

p53, produced by the TP53 gene, is a crucial tumor suppressor protein that helps protect the body from cancer. It acts as a "guardian of the genome" by monitoring DNA for damage and, if necessary, initiating repair or causing damaged cells to die. This prevents abnormal cells from multiplying uncontrollably. When p53 functions correctly, it maintains healthy cell growth. However, mutations in the TP53 gene can disable this protective role, increasing the risk of cancer development. p53's importance lies in its ability to maintain cellular integrity and prevent tumor formation.