overshoot

Overshoot occurs when a system exceeds its target or equilibrium point temporarily before stabilizing. For example, if a thermostat is set to 70°F, the heater might turn on and heat the room past that temperature, say to 72°F, before shutting off and settling back at 70°F. This happens because the system's response lags or overcompensates when adjusting. Overshoot can be desirable in some cases for quick correction, but it can also lead to instability or inefficiency if excessive or uncontrolled.